Recent Progress in the Fabrication of Photonic Crystals Based on Porous Anodic Materials

Photonic crystals (PCs) based on porous anodic materials have been proven to be a potent and versatile instrument for the emergence of new technologies with wide range applications. Their lower production costs are one key advantages, making PC-based systems more widely available appropriate industrial manufacturing. The ability produce well-defined pores metal oxide semiconductor surfaces has experienced major renaissance due striking differences in characteristics between dense layers. In this review, we give general overview progress PC fabrication anodized aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), titanium (Ti) using various anodization techniques, their optical applications discussed. anodizing conditions large influence pore geometry produced surfaces. review fully focuses advancements made manufacturing (AAO), (pSi), titanium-dioxide nanotube (TNT) PCs manufactured self-ordered under varied conditions. Additionally, critical assessment upcoming developments suitable photonic devices is provided.